ResearchState Privacy Laws › Virginia
VIRGINIA · STATE RESEARCH PROFILE

Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act

VCDPA · Normalized Research Card v2.1

IN FORCELAST VERIFIED · AUG 26 2026

At a glance

ScopeNumerical threshold
Threshold100,000 consumers; or 25,000 consumers and >50% gross revenue from sale
Sensitive dataConsent required
Universal opt-outNo broad standalone UOOM mandate in the baseline framework
EnforcementVirginia Attorney General
Private actionNo
PenaltyUp to $7,500 per violation after statutory cure process
EffectiveJanuary 1, 2023

Who must comply?

Applicability model: Numerical threshold.

Core threshold: 100,000 consumers; or 25,000 consumers and >50% gross revenue from sale

Applicability remains subject to statutory entity, data-level and activity-specific exemptions. Employment/B2B treatment and federal-law carve-outs should be read together with the official statute linked below.

Consumer rights

Right / protectionStatus
Access✓ Included / qualified by statute
Correction✓ Included / qualified by statute
Deletion✓ Included / qualified by statute
Portability✓ Included / qualified by statute
Opt-out targeted advertising✓ Included / qualified by statute
Opt-out sale✓ Included / qualified by statute
Opt-out profiling✓ Included / qualified by statute

Sensitive data & minors

Sensitive-data standard: Consent required

Current code includes additional duties for known children, including restrictions on targeted advertising, sale, profiling, retention and precise geolocation, plus child-focused assessments.

Business obligations

Minimization, purpose limitation, reasonable security, privacy notice, processor governance, sensitive-data consent and data protection assessments.

Enforcement

Authority: Virginia Attorney General

Private right of action: No

Penalty / remedy baseline: Up to $7,500 per violation after statutory cure process

What makes Virginia different?

Virginia was an early model for later state privacy laws, but it is no longer static: amendments now add substantial child/minor protections, making the current code materially richer than the original 2021 enactment.

Developments to watch

The 2026 code includes amended definitions and minors provisions. Current code should be used rather than older summaries.

Editorial rule: future-effective, proposed and pending measures are kept separate from current law.

Primary sources & verification

Last verified: August 26, 2026

Research standard: primary official sources prioritized; official guidance used to explain operational requirements.

← ALL STATE PRIVACY LAWS

← Utah  

USDataLaws.com provides independent legal and regulatory research for informational purposes. It does not provide legal advice. Laws, regulations and enforcement positions may change after the stated verification date.